Ingo potrykus born december 5, 1933 is professor emeritus of plant sciences at the institute of plant sciences of the swiss federal institute of technology eth, zurich from which he retired in 1999. Pdf why is golden rice golden yellow instead of red. Among recent innovations are cement blocks reinforced. The team has engineered japonica rice variety by adding three genes, two of which are. It is intended to produce a fortified food to be grown and consumed in areas with a shortage of dietary vitamin a, a deficiency which each year is estimated to kill 670,000 children under the age of 5 and cause an additional. Professor jayashankar telangana state agricultural university college of agriculture, rajendranagar, hyderabad 500030 presented by, ajay kumar chandra ram1497 m. Worldwide, the construction industry is moving to natural. The toxin is a single protein and can therefore be produced as a result of the insertion of a single gene into the plants genome. Mar 07, 2020 golden rice is a variety of rice oryza sativa produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize betacarotene, a precursor of vitamin a, in the edible parts of rice. Golden rice, the green revolution, and heirloom seeds in the philippines this paper is full of insights and uptodate information.
The product of the two carotenoid biosynthesis transgenes used in golden rice, phytoene synthase psy and the bacterial carotene desaturase crti, is lycopene, which has a red color. Jun 30, 2016 greenpeace, however, has deemed the golden rice project as environmentally irresponsible, poses risks to human health, and could compromise food, nutrition and financial security. Biotechnology applications for plant breeding and genetics. Vitamin a deficiency and attributable mortality in under5yearolds pdf. Golden illusion the broken promises of ge golden rice. Realising the importance of rice physiology in variety improvement programmes, for sustained, and higher rice yields especially under stress conditions, the indian council of agricultural research upgraded the section of plant physiology initiated in june 1960. As a result of opposition, the golden rice project employed golden rice in fewer developing countries than originally proposed. Golden rice was designed to produce vitamin a precursor betacarotene in the part of rice that people eat, the endosperm. His research group applied gene technology to contribute to food security in developing countries. The eyes of the world are watching, from the irri annual report 20002001, rice research.
Pdf the term golden rice was coined by a thai busi nessman who is active in initiatives aimed at reduc ing the birth rate, a major cause of the. Pdf an interactive classroom exercise for guiding discussions of ethical. Golden rice, the green revolution, and heirloom seeds in the philippines. During the period from 1900 to 1930, rice scientists attempted to define techniques that would enable farmers to obtain maximum yields from existing varieties under the condition of minimal fertilizer use. In the early 1990s, when we proposed to the rockefeller biotechnology program new york to initiate a project to genetically engineer the provitamina pathway into the rice endosperm, we were fortunate that the rockefeller foundation had already had similar thoughts. For years the quintessential example used to support gmo plant breeding, golden rice may now become exhibit a for those wishing to critique it. It is said to be biofortified because it contains higher than normal concentrations of a particular nutrient betacarotene. The first golden endosperms, polished, segregating t1 in oryza sativa ssp. Bi i f ti i tbioinforma ticists will d l li bl iill develop reliable genomic resources, database, and analysis tools for further. An understanding of plant physiology can give biologists insight into animal biology. The case of golden rice is a typical example of how little is actually known about the complexity of plant physiology it would not be a surprise if additional unexpected changes in the plant.
Rice is a staple food crop for over half of the worlds population, providing 3072% of the energy intake for people in. Ingo potrykus, development of golden rice and free transfer for humanitarian use in. The potential for unexpected effects with ge golden rice plant chemistry is complex, making even the simplest of genetic alterations likely to. Golden rice was invented in 1999 by peter beyer, professor at the university of freiburg, germany in the centre for applied biosciences and ingo potrykus, professor at the swiss federal institute of technology at the institute for plant sciences. Te resulting rice, dubbed golden rice gr because of its yellowish tinge, can provide a key nutrient in the diet of those who eat it. Golden rice was contributed by two german research team headed by potrykus of swiss institute of technology in zurich. The journal of plant physiology is a broadspectrum journal that welcomes highquality submissions in all major areas of plant physiology, including plant biochemistry, functional biotechnology, computational and synthetic plant biology, growth and development, photosynthesis and. Golden rice was originally produced in 1982 as an initiative for the rockefeller foundation. Kloti a, he x, potrykus i, hohn t, futterer j 2002 tissuespecific silencing of a transgene in rice. Greenpeace, however, has deemed the golden rice project as environmentally irresponsible, poses risks to human health, and could compromise food, nutrition and financial security. The rice plant can produce betacarotene, it is a carotenoid that occurs in the leaves and is. Golden rice is a variety of rice oryza sativa produced through genetic engineering to. Golden indica and japonica rice lines amenable to deregulation tran thi cuc hoa, salim albabili, patrick schaub, ingo potrykus, peter beyer plant physiology sep 2003, 3 1 161169. The accumulation of the molecule made the rice grains yelloworange in colour so the genetically engineered product was called golden rice.
Golden rice oryza sativa denotes a genetically modified rice capable of biosynthesizing and accumulating. Rockefeller foundation, led the effort to develop a variety of rice that contains betacarotene, the plant pigment that is the precursor of vitamin a. This chapter emphasizes the nutritional physiology of the rice plant from the agronomic point of view. Golden rice is a variety of rice oryza sativa produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize betacarotene, a precursor of vitamin a, in the edible parts of. Currently golden rice project has 16 national rice research institutions under the golden rice humanitarian board including those in bangladesh, china, indonesia, india, south africa, the philippines, and vietnam. International journal of rice research gavin publishers. Golden rice has an engineered multigene biochemical pathway in its genome. Export of golden rice is not permitted, except to other licensees for humanitarian research and subsequent use. Proponents portray golden rice as a technical, quickfix solution. Centre of insect physiology and ecology, half of rockefellers agricultural money now. Golden rice is a variety of rice oryza sativa produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize betacarotene, a precursor of vitamin a, in the edible parts of rice. Golden rice was created by ingo potrykus of the institute of plant sciences at the swiss federal institute of technology, working with peter beyer of the university of freiburg. The team has engineered japonica rice variety by adding three genes, two of which are new to genetic engineering and are derived from daffodil narcissus pseudonarcissus. From this genetically modified plant cell a full plant can be regenerated.
Golden rice five years on the road five years to go. In this article we will discuss about the metabolic engineering of golden rice. Molecular and functional characterization of gr2r1 event. Agrobacterium tumefaciensmediated transformation confirmed transformation of desired genes e. This means farmers can cultivate golden rice plants that still contain the same traits as their customary. Despite golden rice being available since early 2000, this rice has not been introduced in any country. For historical overview of cytokinin, see the following article. Vitamin a enriched rice golden rice is a costefficient solution that can substantially reduce health costs. Ingo potrykus, golden rice and beyond, plant physiology march 2001, vol. Because of this stance, proponents of golden rice have long attacked the organization for being antiscience and prolonging the suffering of children with vad. Golden rice humanitarian project progress report 2003 golden indica and japonica rice lines amenable to deregulation hoa et al, 2003. In 1993 potrykus, a plant biotechnologist, and beyer, a biochemist, started the golden rice project with support from the rockefeller foundation, the european union, and the swiss federal office for education and science. Golden rice was developed to help cope with vitamin a deficiency, a problem that prevails in developing countries, affecting millions underwood, 2000. Seven years later, members of potrykus lab in zurich, switzerland, finally worked through all of the necessary steps to.
This pathway produces betacarotene, a molecule that becomes vitamin a when metabolized by humans. Golden rice was engineered from normal rice by ingo potrykus and peter beyer in the 1990s to help improve human health. Lucca p, hurrell r, potrykus i 2002 fighting iron deficiency anemia. Metabolic regulation of carotenoidenriched golden rice line dipak gayen, subhrajyoti ghosh, soumitra paul, sailendra n. Golden rice and other biofortified food crops for developing. Golden rice background, from the council for biotechnology information 3.
Engineered rice plants so that betacarotene accumulated in the endosperm. Golden illusion the broken promises of golden rice 3 golden rice is a genetically engineered ge, also called genetically modified, gm rice variety developed by the biotech industry to produce provitamin a betacarotene. Rice goes into dormancy afk harvest in some eases cohn and hugk, 1981. International society for plant molecular biology 2000 kumho science international award emotions are the problem, not rational discourse the term golden rice was coined by a thai businessman who is active in initiatives aimed at reducing the birth rate, a major cause of the food security problem. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Rice university rice university biosciences at rice. Golden rice potrykus, 2001 18 more than one third of the worlds population relies on rice as a food staple, so rice is an attractive target for enhancement.
The framework iv and v of european union eu funding forces public re. The core board advancing golden rice toward deployment left to right. Golden rice ppt free download as powerpoint presentation. Homozygous golden rice lines developed in the background of swarna through marker assisted backcross breeding mabb using transgenic gr2r1 event as a donor for the provitamin a trait have high levels of provitamin a up to 20 ppm but are dwarf with pale green leaves and drastically reduced panicle size, grain number and yield as compared to the recurrent parent, swarna. Golden illusion the broken promises of golden rice summary 3 dangerous glitter.
Realising the importance of rice physiology in variety improvement programmes, for sustained, and higher rice yields especially under stress conditions, the indian council of agricultural research upgraded the section of plant physiology initiated in june 1960 into a full fledged division during 4th five year plan in the year 1972. Hoa ttc, albabili s, schaub p, potrykus i, beyer p 2003 golden indica and japonica rice lines amenable to deregulation. Each team will be given a list of facts on golden rice. The place of golden rice in the broader politics of rice, including its prospects in the philippines or elsewhere are well explained in an important new paper. Ingo potrykus worked at the swiss federal institute of technology in zurich, switzerland, and peter. Together with peter beyer, he is one of the coinventors of golden rice. Pdf the endosperm of golden rice oryza sativa is yellow due to the. Phil dept of botany slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Governments must perceive additional costs that overcompensate the benefits of the technology to explain the delay in approval. Golden rice was one of the few promises of ge food that would have some benefit to eaters. The enzymes do the work of the plant in a controlled, coordinated manner so that life can continue and development can proceed. Virtually all of the genetically modified cultivars commercially available provide different advantages to conventional farmers like being able to spray a crop with herbicides, for weed control, that would otherwise kill the plant. Golden rice publications and presentations the golden rice project.
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